Defensive programming at Level 1 targets preventing crashes and what else?

• A. Security issues.
• B. Code readability improvements.
• C. UI color inconsistencies.
• D. Versioning drift.

Answer: (A)

Defensive programming at Level 1 focuses on making code robust against unexpected input and conditions, so it won’t crash and won’t expose vulnerabilities. By validating inputs, checking array or resource bounds, and handling errors gracefully, you reduce the chances of a crash and also limit security risks such as exploits, data leakage, or unintended behavior.

While readability, UI appearance, or version compatibility are important concerns, they aren’t the primary targets of defensive programming at this level. Readability improves maintainability, UI color issues relate to presentation, and versioning drift deals with compatibility—none of these directly address preventing crashes and safeguarding security in normal or adverse scenarios.